- Vocal Overuse or Misuse: Frequent yelling, speaking loudly for long periods, or speaking incorrectly can strain the vocal cords.
- Acid Reflux: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can irritate the vocal cords when stomach acid reaches the throat.
- Infections: Viral or bacterial infections (such as a cold or laryngitis) can lead to temporary voice changes.
- Smoking and Alcohol Use: Both can irritate the vocal cords and contribute to long-term damage.
- Allergies: Allergic reactions can cause throat irritation, leading to hoarseness or other voice changes.
- Neurological Disorders: Conditions like Parkinson’s disease, stroke, or multiple sclerosis can affect the muscles and nerves that control the voice.
- Thyroid Problems: Disorders of the thyroid can affect voice quality and cause hoarseness.
- Trauma or Injury: Direct injury to the voice box or neck, including surgery, can lead to voice problems.
- Psychological Factors: Stress, anxiety, or emotional strain can sometimes contribute to voice issues.
